Phase 1.01
System Foundations & Architecture
Core definitions and the structural logic of the Von Neumann model.
Computer Systems
A computer is an electronic device that processes data according to a set of instructions. It consists of two primary parts:
- Hardware: The physical, tangible components (circuits, chips, cables).
- Software: The intangible sets of instructions that tell the hardware what to do.
Von Neumann Architecture
Most modern computing systems follow the Von Neumann Architecture, proposed in 1945. Its key principle is the Stored Program Concept, where both program instructions and data are stored in the same electronic memory.
Key Components:
- CPU (Central Processing Unit): The "brain" that executes instructions.
- Memory Unit: Stores data and instructions.
- I/O Devices: Provides interaction with the external world.
- Buses: The communication pathways between these components.
Technical Terms Breakdown
Computer
An integrated system of functional units that performs data processing.
Hardware
Physical components like the CPU, RAM, Motherboard, and Storage.
Software
Collections of programs and data that run on the hardware.
Von Neumann Architecture
A design with a single processing unit and a single memory for programs and data.